Warning Signs

Gum disease, or periodontal disease, can often go undetected until the problem is in an advanced stage. Knowing the signs of a potential problem can save you from a serious infection or losing a tooth. Following are key warning signs of gum disease.

Gingivitis is the least serious form of gum disease. With gingivitis, gums are red, swollen and bleed easily, though there is little to no discomfort. Often gingivitis is caused by inadequate oral hygiene and can be treated through improved oral hygiene at home and regular visits to a periodontist.

If gingivitis is left untreated, periodontitis can develop. Periodontitis occurs when plaque spreads and grows below the gum line, irritating the gums with toxins produced by bacteria. When this happens, gums can separate from the teeth forming pockets that become infected. Gum tissue and bone are damaged to the point where teeth may become loose and need to be removed. Periodontitis can occur in patients who are otherwise healthy or as a symptom of a systemic disease, like diabetes or heart disease.

The Signs:

• Swollen, red or tender gums

• Tooth sensitivity

• Bleeding when brushing, flossing or eating food

• Persistent bad breath

• Receding gums or gums that are pulling away from teeth

• Loose or separating teeth

• Pus between gums and teeth

• Sores in the mouth

• A change in the way your teeth fit together when biting

• A change in the fit of partial dentures